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| Registros recuperados: 49 | |
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| Breton, Marguerite; Caprais, Marie-paule; Derrien, A.; Douillet, P; Dubois, E; Dupray, E; Gourmelon, Michele; Guillerm, Denise; Kempf, Marc; Lazure, P.; Le Guyader, Soizick; Le Menn, Remi; Menard, Dominique; Pommepuy, Monique; Salomon, Jean-claude. |
| Les départements et territoires d'outre mer sont généralement l'objet d'enjeux économiques importants, et de conflits d'activités liés au développement touristique, aquacole, agricole et industriel. Les études font généralement état d'une lente dégradation de l'environnement marin avec diminution des coraux et de la faune associée, au profit d'une augmentation de la couverture algale. On constate parfois un envasement ou un ensablement des sites, la présence dans l'eau de polluants organiques, dont des pesticides, des métaux ainsi que des microorganismes d'origine fécale. En Martinique, ce dernier aspect, lié à l'assainissement des zones rurales, urbaines et touristiques est actuellement considéré comme une préoccupation majeure pour les prochaines années.... |
| Tipo: Text |
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| Ano: 1994 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00132/24303/22301.pdf |
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| Gourmelon, Michele. |
| L'étude de Escherichia coli en microcosmes d'eau de mer à 34 /1000 de salinité, exposé à la lumière visible montre que cette bactérie évolue rapidement (en quelques heures) vers un état viable non cultivable tandis qu'à l'obscurité, la capacité à cultiver se maintient plus longtemps. Deux facteurs principaux semblent déterminer la survie de Escherichia coli dans l'eau de mer lors de l'exposition à la lumière visible : l'état de la bactérie au moment du rejet et la qualité du milieu récepteur. L'état de la bactérie avant exposition à la lumière visible joue un rôle important dans sa survie : en effet, quand il est en début de phase stationnaire avant son séjour dans l'eau de mer, Escherichia coli résiste mieux au stress lumineux que lorsqu'il est en phase... |
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| Ano: 1995 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00105/21577/19157.pdf |
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| Wieliczko, Etienne; Gourmelon, Michele; Dupray, Elisabeth; Derrien, A.; Caprais, Marie-paule; Pommepuy, Monique. |
| D'un point de vue purement écologique, le milieu marin est particulièrement agressif pour les bactéries d'origine entérique. Jusqu'à la fin des années soixante dix, il était généralement admis que ces bactéries pathogènes étaient détruites en quelques heures dans l'eau de mer, ou selon l'espèce en quelques jours. On parlait alors du "pouvoir auto-épurateur" de l'eau de mer. Depuis des travaux plus récents ont démontré la persistance de microorganismes dans les zones littorales. En fait, la survie en mer des bactéries d'origine fécale dans le milieu marin dépend de deux grands facteurs : la qualité de l'eau ou du sédiment permettant aux bactéries de mettre en oeuvre plus ou moins facilement des mécanismes de "résistance", et leur historique avant leur rejet... |
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| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00105/21630/19210.pdf |
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| Troussellier, Marc; Bonnefont, Jean-luc; Courties, Claude; Derrien, Annick; Dupray, Elizabeth; Gauthier, Michel; Gourmelon, Michele; Joux, Fabien; Lebaron, Philippe; Martin, Yvan; Pommepuy, Monique. |
| The effects of different environmental factors (nutrient deprivation, hyperosmotic shock, exposure to light) on enteric bacteria which have been transferred into the marine environment, have been studied experimentally (microcosms) by considering demographic, physiological and genetic responses in Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium populations. Short-term experiments (less than or equal to 48 h) showed that nutrient deprivation induced limited changes in measured bacteriological variables, but when combined with hyperosmotic shock, it results in an energy charge decrease and inactivation of membrane transport. Light exposure mainly affects the colony-forming capacity of bacterial populations. Combining different stress factors confirmed the rapid... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Genetics; Cellular states; Physiology; Seawater; Enteric bacteria; Génétique; Etats cellulaires; Physiologie; Eau de mer; Entérobactéries. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/publication-845.pdf |
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| Alzieu, Claude; Andral, Bruno; Bassoulet, Philippe; Gourmelon, Michele; Le Quillec, Régis; L'Yavanc, Jacky; Quiniou, Francoise. |
| Les traitements in situ des sédiments, ou biodragages, consistent à disperser à la surface ou à injecter dans le sédiment des produits pulvérulents sur lesquels sont fixées des bactéries capables de dégrader les matières organiques. Peu de données expérimentales sont disponibles quant à l'efficacité et à l'impact de cette pratique qui, bien qu'utilisée dans certains milieux d'eau douce, n'a pas fait l'objet de réelles applications en milieu marin. L'offre de service de quelques opérateurs et la demande des gestionnaires des ports, ne peuvent être prises en considération, faute d'une connaissance approfondie des avantages et inconvénients de telles techniques. Il nous est donc apparu nécessaire de définir et de proposer, aux Services en charge des... |
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| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00040/15121/12457.pdf |
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| Alzieu, Claude; Abarnou, Alain; Bassoullet, Philippe; Boutier, Bernard; Chiffoleau, Jean-francois; Crenn, Isabelle; Derrien, Annick; Erard-le Denn, Evelyne; Gourmelon, Michele; Guiliaud, Jean-françois; Silva Jacinto, Ricardo; Le Cann, Pierre; Le Guyader, Françoise; Le Hir, Pierre; L'Yavanc, Jacky; Mauvais, Jean-louis; Menard, Dominique; Michel, Pierre; Monbet, Yves; Pommepuy, Monique; Quiniou, Francoise. |
| Port activities require continuous or occasional dredging of considerable quantities of sediments : approximately 50 million m3 along the French coastline. A large proportion of the dredgings is authorized for dumping at sea in geographically delimited areas and following an impact evaluation of their potential harmfulness to the marine environment. The environmental risks assessment linked to dredging operations relies on knowledge related to several scientific disciplines contributing to changes in the regulations. This work, intended both for managers and for environmental scientists and engineers, is designed to take stock of the current state-of-the-art in the field of sediment contamination and related ecotoxicological hazards, along with a review of... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Regulations; Management; Impact; Contaminants; Dredging; Réglementation; Gestion; Impact; Contaminants; Dragages. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1999/rapport-1040.pdf |
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| Gourmelon, Michele; Derrien, A.; Crenn, Isabelle; Loaec, Solen. |
| Des bactéries fécales telles que les Escherichia coli ou les coliformes thermotolérants ont été recherchées dans des sédiments côtiers vaseux (prélevés sur deux sites différents: Morlaix et St Pol de Léon; Finistère). Ces vases, sous influence de rejets polluants, de par leur richesse en matière organique et en particules de faible taille sont susceptibles d'héberger ces bactéries. Une partie de l'étude a consisté à comparer différentes techniques de relargage des bactéries des particules de sédiment décrites dans la littérature. |
| Tipo: Text |
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| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00081/19213/16808.pdf |
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| Gourmelon, Michele; Montet, Mp; Loaec, Solen; Le Mennec, Cecile; Pommepuy, Monique; Vernoy-rozand, C. |
| La qualité sanitaire du milieu marin côtier est influencée par la présence de rejets urbains ou de rejets diffus d'origine agricole. Ces effluents sont riches en bactéries ou virus d'origine fécale, dont certains ont été mis en cause dans des pathologies humaines (Beeching, 1997 ; Feldhusen, 2000 ; Lipp et Rose, 1997 ; Yam et al., 1999). Parmi les microorganismes pouvant présenter un danger pour l'homme, certains, pathogènes émergents ces dernières années, n'ont été que récemment recherchés dans l'environnement : on peut citer les Cryptosporidium et les Giardia pour les parasites, les norovirus pour les virus et les Escherichia coli vérotoxiques (VTEC) pour les bactéries. Ces derniers ne sont connus que depuis 1982, date à laquelle E. coli 0157 : H7 a été... |
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| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00106/21697/19276.pdf |
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| Pommepuy, Monique; Hervio Heath, Dominique; Caprais, Marie-paule; Gourmelon, Michele; Le Saux, Jean-claude; Le Guyader, Soizick. |
| Introduction : "The occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in seawater or in shellfish could exist anytime sewage from human or animal origin would be discharged to the coast" (Metcalf, 1982). According to the diseases occurring in the human population or in animals, pathogens might be present in recreational waters or in shellfish. Thus, the presence of human enteric viruses (norovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, hepatitisAvirus (HAV)) and pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, etc.) has been reported in coastal areas for a long time (Colwell, 1978; Metcalf, 1978; Melnick et al., 1979; Grimes, 1991; Bosch et al., 2001;Kong et al., 2002). These... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Estimating model; Infection dose; Microorganisms; STEC; Bacteria; Virus; Fecal contamination; Pathogenic agent; Marine sediment; Estuarine water; Coastal area; Marine water. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1207.pdf |
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| Gourmelon, Michele. |
| L’originalité de cette étude était de rechercher si ces bactéries pouvaient être présentes dans l’environnement marin (tout particulièrement dans les coquillages) en développant ou adaptant des méthodes de détection. La présence de ces bactéries pourrait peut-être expliquer certaines TIACs liées à la consommation de coquillages dont l’agent responsable n’a pas été identifié. |
| Tipo: Text |
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| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00066/17752/15274.pdf |
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| Gawler, A; Beecher, J; Brandao, J; Carroll, N; Falcao, L; Gourmelon, Michele; Masterson, B; Nunes, B; Porter, J; Rince, A; Rodrigues, R; Thorp, M; Walters, J; Meijer, W. |
| The recent implementation of the Revised Bathing Water Directive in the European Union has highlighted the need for development of effective methods to differentiate between sources of faecal contamination. It had previously been shown that amplification of 16S rRNA genes of host-specific Bacteriodales species using the HF183F and CF128F primers could be used as markers for human and bovine faecal contamination in the United States. This paper determined the sensitivity and specificity of these markers in four Atlantic Rim countries (France, Ireland, Portugal and the United Kingdom) to evaluate their usefulness in determining the origin of faecal contamination. It was shown that the HF183F marker displayed high sensitivity (80-100%) and specificity... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Sensitivity; Specificity; PCR; Microbial source tracking; Bacteriodales. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-4957.pdf |
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| Gourmelon, Michele; Caprais, Marie-paule; Segura, Raphael; Le Mennec, Cecile; Lozach, Solen; Piriou, Jean-yves; Rince, A. |
| In order to identify the origin of the fecal contamination observed in French estuaries, two library-independent microbial source tracking (MST) methods were selected: (i) Bacteroidales host-specific 16S rRNA gene markers and (ii) F-specific RNA bacteriophage genotyping. The specificity of the Bacteroidales markers was evaluated on human and animal (bovine, pig, sheep, and bird) feces. Two human-specific markers (HF183 and HF134), one ruminant-specific marker (CF193'), and one pig-specific marker (PF163) showed a high level of specificity (>90%). However, the data suggest that the proposed ruminant-specific CF128 marker would be better described as an animal marker, as it was observed in all bovine and sheep feces and 96% of pig feces. F RNA... |
| Tipo: Text |
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| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-3535.pdf |
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| Furet, Jean-pierre; Firmesse, Olivier; Gourmelon, Michele; Bridonneau, Chantal; Tap, Julien; Mondot, Stanislas; Dore, Joel; Corthier, Gerard. |
| Pollution of the environment by human and animal faecal pollution affects the safety of shellfish, drinking water and recreational beaches. To pinpoint the origin of contaminations, it is essential to define the differences between human microbiota and that of farm animals. A strategy based on real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays was therefore developed and applied to compare the composition of intestinal microbiota of these two groups. Primers were designed to quantify the 16S rRNA gene from dominant and subdominant bacterial groups. TaqMan((R)) probes were defined for the qPCR technique used for dominant microbiota. Human faecal microbiota was compared with that of farm animals using faecal samples collected from rabbits, goats, horses, pigs, sheep... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Quantitative PCR; Faecal microbiota; Human; Farm animals. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/11071/11297.pdf |
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| Caprais, Marie-paule; Le Mennec, Cecile; Pommepuy, Monique; Le Saux, Jean-claude; Gourmelon, Michele. |
| In Europe, shellfish harvesting areas are classified according European Directive EC N°854/2004, using classic faecal indicator levels (Escherichia coli). A better indicator is needed, however, because shellfish may contain other human pathogens. Other indicator organisms have therefore been evaluated and, among these, coliphages meet most of the requirements to serve as indicators and models for enteroviruses. In order to evaluate the capacity of coliphages as indicators, a total of 764 shellfish were sampled in 2004 from 70 shellfish harvesting areas monitored by the Ifremer microbiological surveillance network (REMI, http://www.ifremer.fr/envlit/), and tested for F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPH). Two species of bivalve mollusc were collected... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: F-specific RNA bacteriophage; Shellfish; Faecal pollution; Discrimination. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00066/17749/15271.pdf |
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| Mieszkin, Sophie; Furet, Jean-pierre; Corthier, Gerard; Pommepuy, Monique; Le Saux, Jean-claude; Bougeard, Morgane; Hervio Heath, Dominique; Gourmelon, Michele. |
| The microbiological quality of coastal waters and shellfish harvesting areas in Brittany (France) can be affected by faecal pollutions from human activities and animal breeding (especially pigs and cattle). To discriminate among faecal pollution of human and animal origin, a library-independent microbial source tracking method was selected: Bacteroidales host-specific 16S rRNA gene markers by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A human-specific Bacteroidales marker (Hum-1-Bac) was designed. Tested on faecal samples, the Hum-1-Bac marker showed 95 % sensitivity and 95 % specificity (n= 80). Average values (± STD) of the Hum-1-Bac marker were found to be 7.3 ± 1.4 16S rRNA gene copies per g wet faeces in human faeces samples (n=10) and 5.7 ± 1.3 log10... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Microbial Source Tracking; Host-Specific Bacteroidales Marker; 16S rRNA Gene; Real-Time PCR; Faecal Contamination. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00021/13259/10306.pdf |
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| Mieszkin, Sophie; Furet, Jean-pierre; Corthier, Gerard; Gourmelon, Michele. |
| The microbiological quality of coastal or river water can be affected by fecal contamination from human or animal sources. To discriminate pig fecal pollution from other pollution, a library-independent microbial source tracking method targeting Bacteroidales host-specific 16S rRNA gene markers by real-time PCR was designed. Two pig-specific Bacteroidales markers (Pig-1-Bac and Pig-2-Bac) were designed using 16S rRNA gene Bacteroidales clone libraries from pig feces and slurry. For these two pig markers, 98 to 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity were obtained when tested by TaqMan real-time PCR. A decrease in the concentrations of Pig-1-Bac and Pig-2-Bac markers was observed throughout the slurry treatment chain. The two newly designed pig-specific... |
| Tipo: Text |
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| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6493.pdf |
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| Gourmelon, Michele; Caprais, Marie-paule; Mieszkin, Sophie; Marti, Romain; Wery, Nathalie; Jarde, E.; Derrien, Marc; Jadas-hecart, A.; Communal, P. Y.; Jaffrezic, A.; Pourcher, A. M.. |
| The microbiological quality of coastal or river waters can be affected by faecal pollution from human or animal sources. An efficient MST (Microbial Source Tracking) toolbox consisting of several host-specific markers would therefore be valuable for identifying the origin of the faecal pollution in the environment and thus for effective resource management and remediation. In this multidisciplinary study, after having tested some MST markers on faecal samples, we compared a selection of 17 parameters corresponding to chemical (steroid ratios, caffeine, and synthetic compounds), bacterial (host-specific Bacteroidales, Lactobacillus amylovorus and Bifidobacterium adolescentis) and viral (genotypes I-IV of F-specific bacteriophages, FRNAPH) markers on... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Microbial source tracking; Faecal pollution; Bacteroidales; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus; FRNA bacteriophages; Steroids; Caffeine. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00016/12710/9690.pdf |
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| Mieszkin, Sophie; Yala, Jean Fabrice; Joubrel, Rozenn; Gourmelon, Michele. |
| Aims: The aims of this study were to evaluate the host-specific distribution of Bacteroidales 16S rRNA gene sequences from human- and animal-related effluents and faeces, and to define a ruminant-specific marker. Methods and Results: Bacteroidales 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed from samples of effluent (sewage, bovine manure and pig slurry) and faeces (human, bovine, pig and wild bird), using PCR primers targeting order Bacteroidales. The phylogenetic analysis revealed six main distinct human-, bovine-, pig- and wild bird-specific clusters. From the bovine-specific cluster II, we designed a ruminant-specific marker, Rum-2-Bac, and this showed 97% sensitivity (n = 30) and 100% specificity (n = 40) when tested by TaqMan (R) real-time PCR.... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: 16S rRNA gene; Bacteroidales; Faecal contamination; Microbial Source Tracking; Sewage and manure. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/11156/8235.pdf |
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| Registros recuperados: 49 | |
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